Computer Generations From 1st To 5th | Also Advantages, Disadvantages And Examples Of All Computer Generations

1^st Generation Of Computer (1946 To 1954):

The period of the first generation was 1946-1954. First generation computers used vacuum tubes as the main part of the memory and circuitry for the central processing unit. There were vacuum tubes like switching devices. At the same time, Van Neumann introduced the concept of the stored program and in 1949 the first digital computer with the program EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) was announced.

They were very large and used a lot of heat dissipation power. They had to be kept in large, air-conditioned rooms.

Advantages Of 1^st Generation of Computer:

•            These computers are fast and can compute data in milliseconds.
•            These vacuum tubes were the only electronic components available in time 1946 to 1954.
•            Vacuum tube technology enables the manufacture of electronic digital computers.
•           Readily available and cheap.
•           Ac minor allergies are safe.
•          Color coding for quick and easy reading recognition.

Disadvantages Of 1^st Generation Of Computer:

•          The computers were very big. You used a lot of energy.
•          Thousands of vacuum tubes heat up very quickly. They weren't very reliable.
•          Air conditioning was required.
•          Maintenance Permanent maintenance was required.
•          Not portable commercial Expensive commercial production.
•          Commercial Restricted commercial use.
•          Slow very slow speed.
•          Programming Limited programming options.
•          Only machine language is used magnetic drums that offer very little data storage.

 

Example:

    ENIAC in 1946

   EDSAC in 1949

 EDVAC in 1950

   UNIVAC in 1951

2^nd Generation Of Computer (1955 To 1964):

The 2^nd  generation period was from 1959 to 1965. Transistors were used in the second generation of computers. Transistors were extremely reliable and easy to use and maintain when compared to vacuum tubes. They used very little electricity. These transistors replaced the vacuum tubes in computers during this time. The magnetic core was used to build large random access memories.

Advantages Of 2^nd Generation Of Computer:

•          Computer Smaller than the first generation of computers.
•          Second generation computers were more reliable.
•          Energy Less energy was used and not as much heated as before.
•          Speed ​​can compute data in quick and microseconds.
•          Faster curtains are used.
•          Better transportation than the first generation. Improved accuracy.
•          Assembler is also used assembly language.

Disadvantages Of  2^nd  Generation Of Computer:

•          Cooling system was required Like Ac .
•          Specific is only used for certain purposes
•          Maintenance Permanent maintenance was required
•          Commercial production was difficult. Not expensive and versatile.
•          Such back cards were used for input.

EXAMPLE:

o               IBM model 7094.

o               CDC model 1604.

o               CDC model 3600.

o                UNIVAC model 1108.

o                IBM model 7030.

3^rd Generation Of Computer (1965 To 1974):

The period of 3^rd generation was from 1965 to 1974. In this generation silicon transistors replaced germanium transistors. Integrated circuits were developed by connecting transistors, resistors, and capacitors on a silicon chip. Computers used integrated circuit (IC) chips. Smaller IC size, lower power consumption, and less expensive than previous switching technologies. Advances in storage technologies have resulted in random access memory based on large capacity magnetic, disk and tape capacities with a large magnetic core.

Advantages Of 3^rd  Generation Of Computer:

•          Smaller than previous generations and more reliable.
•          Consumes less energy than previous generations.
•          Computers produced less heat than the previous two generations of computers.
•          Maintenance costs were lower because the hardware failure was fixed.
•          Speed ​​can calculate data in nanoseconds and General Absolutely general purpose.
•          Can be used for high level languages. Expensive Low cost and better accuracy
•          Mouse and keyboard are used for input.

Disadvantages Of  3^rd   Generation Of Computer:

•          The manufacture of IC chips requires sophisticated technology.
•          Decreased sensitivity.

Example:

o           IBM 360/370.

o           IBM-370/168.

 

4^th  Generation Of Computer (1975 To 1989):

The 4^th generation period was 1971-1980. Fourth generation computers have been built using large-scale integration technology. The size of a fingernail, thousands of components connected together on a single chip. This led to the development of microprocessors. Magnetic core memories have been replaced by semiconductor memories. During this time PC operating systems were developed.

The graphical user interface (GUI) was used to provide maximum convenience for users. During this time personal computers became cheaper and more common.

Advantages Of 4^th   Generation Of Computer:

•          More powerful and reliable than previous generations and  small in size
•          Fast computing performance with low power consumption
•          No air conditioning required.
•          General Absolutely general purpose
•          Repairs need less.
•          This type of computer can use all types of high-level languages

Disadvantages Of  4^th Generation Of Computer:

•          The latest technology is used to manufacture microprocessors which is very expansive in cost.

Example:

o                        IBM PC

o                       APPLE 2

 

5^th   Generation Of Computer (1990 To ON WARDS):

VLSI (Massive Integration) technology has paved the way for large-scale integration that could lead to the development of a microprocessor chip, each with millions of electronic components. Powerful laptops, notebooks and desktops were another development during this time.

The 5^TH generation is essentially about a new generation of computers. These computers can think and make decisions. Artificial intelligence is built into computers. The revolutionary parallel processing is used in the new generation of computers instead of the traditional Van Newman architecture.

Advantages Of 5^th   Generation Of Computer:

•          These computers are much faster than other generations of computers.
•          These computers are easy to repair.
•          These computers are much smaller than other generations of computers.
•          They are portable and easy to use.
•          The development of real artificial intelligence.
•          Advances in parallel processing.
•          Advances in  superconductor technology.

Disadvantages Of  5^th    Generation Of Computer:

•          They are sophisticated and sophisticated tools.
•          You can always give companies more power to see what you are doing and even allow them to infect your computer.

Example:

•  Desktop
•  Laptop.
•  Note Book.
•  Ultra Book.
•  Chrome Book.

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